Since ancient times, philosophers and scientists from the multifaceted human essence have tried to identify the psychotypes of people, the classification and principles of determining which could differ significantly, and develop psychopathtest for every person. Knowledge in psychology was based on the observation of a person in various situations or on the works of scientists who proposed definitions of types. Only in the last century a detailed study of the psychological nature of man began and psychopath test was worked out.
One of the first to offer his version of the division was the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates. It is still popular among professionals today. Hippocrates saw the division into psychotypes in the proportions of fluids in the body:
- blood (sanguis);
- black bile (melanoma chole);
- lymph (phlegm);
- yellow bile (chole).
According to the scientist, the predominance of one of them allows us to divide people into four types:
- Sanguine. A large amount of blood indicates a mobile personality and a cheerful disposition.
- Phlegmatic. Due to the large amount of lymph, it becomes slow and balanced.
- Choleric. An explosive, impulsive character indicates an excess of yellow bile.
- Melancholic. A high content of black bile provokes a tendency to fear and sadness.
For many centuries, scientists have worked on the study of human temperament. Various theories have been developed and supplemented. The names of psychotypes that have survived to this day have remained unchanged.
Temperament is usually understood as the totality of innate psychological development in combination with the processes of excitation and deceleration in the brain. Melancholic corresponds to a weak type with a high activity of the nervous system, choleric – a strong, explosive temperament. A phlegmatic person can be stably balanced, but inert, and a sanguine person can be balanced and stable.
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